T. Allison, G. Mccarthy, and C. C. Wood, The relationship between human long-latency somatosensory evoked 545 potentials recorded from the cortical surface and from the scalp, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, vol.84, pp.546-301, 1992.

M. A. Arbib, Perceptual Structures and Distributed Motor Control, 1981.
DOI : 10.1002/cphy.cp010233

. Berret, F. Bastien, C. Bonnetblanc, T. Papaxanthis, and . Pozzo, Modular Control of Pointing beyond Arm's Length, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.1, pp.191-205, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3426-08.2009

R. J. Bootsma, R. G. Marteniuk, C. L. Mackenzie, and F. T. , The speed-accuracy trade, p.551

K. Brinkman and . Hgjm, CEREBRAL CONTROL OF CONTRALATERAL AND IPSILATERAL ARM, HAND AND FINGER MOVEMENTS IN THE SPLIT-BRAIN RHESUS MONKEY, Brain, vol.96, issue.4, pp.653-74, 1973.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/96.4.653

D. Burke, . Hagbarth, B. Löfstedt, and . Wallin, The responses of human muscle spindle endings to vibration of non-contracting muscles., The Journal of Physiology, vol.261, issue.3, pp.673-93, 1976.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011580

I. Carpinella, P. Mazzoleni, M. Rabuffetti, R. Thorsen, and M. Ferrarin, Experimental protocol for the kinematic analysis of the hand: Definition and repeatability, Gait & Posture, vol.23, issue.4, pp.445-454, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.05.001

U. Castiello, The neuroscience of grasping, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.17, issue.9, pp.726-736, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/9210

A. Churchill, B. Hopkins, L. Rönnqvist, and S. Vogt, Vision of the hand and environmental context in human prehension, Experimental Brain Research, vol.134, issue.1, pp.81-89, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210000444

G. Courtine, C. Papaxanthis, R. Gentili, and T. Pozzo, Gait-dependent motor memory facilitation in covert movement execution, Cognitive Brain Research, vol.22, issue.1, pp.67-75, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.07.008

J. Denavit and R. S. Hartenberg, A kinematic notation for lower-pair mechanisms based on matrices, J. Appl. Mech, vol.565, pp.23-215, 1955.

G. Desmurget, Forward modeling allows feedback control for fast reaching movements, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.4, issue.11
DOI : 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01537-0

S. Facchini, M. Romani, M. Tinazzi, and S. M. Aglioti, Time-related changes of excitability of 569 the human motor system contingent upon immobilisation of the ring and little fingers, Clin Neurophysiol, vol.113, pp.570-367, 2002.

J. Fish and J. F. Soechting, Synergistic finger movements in a skilled motor task, Experimental Brain Research, vol.91, issue.2, pp.327-334, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00231666

P. M. Fitts, The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement, J Exp, vol.573, pp.47-381, 1954.

V. Frak, Y. Paulignan, and M. Jeannerod, Orientation of the opposition axis in mentally simulated grasping, Experimental Brain Research, vol.136, issue.1, p.575
DOI : 10.1007/s002210000583

M. P. Galea, U. Castiello, and N. Dalwood, Thumb invariance during prehension movement: effects of object orientation, Neuroreport, vol.12, issue.10, pp.2185-2187, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00001756-200107200-00028

M. Gentilucci, I. Toni, E. Daprati, and M. Gangitano, Tactile input of the hand and the control of reaching to grasp movements, Experimental Brain Research, vol.114, issue.1, pp.130-137, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00005612

M. Gentilucci, I. Toni, S. Chieffi, and G. Pavesi, The role of proprioception in the control of prehension movements: a kinematic study in a peripherally deafferented patient and in normal subjects, Experimental Brain Research, vol.99, issue.3, pp.483-500, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00228985

M. Gentilucci, S. Chieffi, M. Scarpa, and U. Castiello, Temporal coupling between transport and grasp components during prehension movements: effects of visual perturbation, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.47, issue.1, pp.71-82, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-4328(05)80253-0

A. Grosskopf and J. P. Kuhtz-buschbeck, Grasping with the left and right hand: a kinematic study, Experimental Brain Research, vol.152, issue.1-2, p.585
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-005-0083-1

E. Guigon, P. Baraduc, and M. Desmurget, Computational Motor Control: Redundancy and Invariance, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.97, issue.1, pp.331-347, 2007.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00290.2006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00214133

C. J. Heath, J. Hore, and C. G. Phillips, Inputs from low threshold muscle and cutaneous afferents of hand and forearm to areas 3a and 3b of baboon's cerebral cortex., The Journal of Physiology, vol.257, issue.1, pp.199-227, 1976.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011364

J. Hore, J. B. Preston, and P. D. Cheney, Responses of cortical neurons (areas 3a and 4) to ramp stretch of hindlimb 591 muscles in the baboon, J Neurophysiol, vol.39, pp.484-500, 1976.

R. Huber, Arm immobilization causes cortical plastic changes and locally decreases sleep slow wave activity, Nature Neuroscience, vol.308, issue.9, p.593
DOI : 10.1002/hbm.1058

L. S. Jakobson and M. A. Goodale, Factors affecting higher-order movement planning: a kinematic analysis of human prehension, Experimental Brain Research, vol.86, issue.1, pp.199-208, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00231054

.. M. Jeannerod, Visuomotor channels: Their integration in goal-directed prehension, Human Movement Science, vol.18, issue.2-3, pp.201-597, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-9457(99)00008-1

M. Jeannerod, The formation of finger grip during prehension. A cortically mediated visuomotor pattern, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.19, issue.2
DOI : 10.1016/0166-4328(86)90008-2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00655216

M. Jeannerod, The neural and behavioural organization of goal-directed arm movements, Clarendon, p.601, 1988.

M. Jeannerod, The Timing of Natural Prehension Movements, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.3, issue.3, pp.235-54, 1984.
DOI : 10.1080/00222895.1984.10735319

L. A. Jones, Human hand function, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173154.001.0001

J. P. Kuhtz-buschbeck, H. Stolze, K. Jöhnk, A. Boczek-funcke, and M. Illert, Development of prehension movements in children: a kinematic study, Experimental Brain Research, vol.122, issue.4, pp.424-432, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050530

J. M. Landsmeer, A comparison of fingers and hand in varanus, opossum and primates, Acta Morphol Neerl Scand, vol.24, pp.606-193, 1986.

C. E. Lang, H. Marc, and . Schieber, Human Finger Independence: Limitations due to Passive Mechanical Coupling Versus Active Neuromuscular Control, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.92, issue.5, pp.2802-2810, 2004.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00480.2004

K. Lin, C. Wu, T. Wei, C. Lee, and J. Liu, Effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on 610 reach-to-grasp movements and functional performance after chronic stroke: a randomized controlled study, pp.611-632, 2007.

A. H. Mason and H. Carnahan, Target viewing time and velocity effects on prehension, Experimental Brain Research, vol.127, issue.1, pp.613-83, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050776

C. R. Mason, J. E. Gomez, and T. J. Ebner, Hand synergies during reach-to-grasp, J Neurophysiol, vol.86, pp.2896-615, 2001.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00653.2003

C. Moisello, Short-Term Limb Immobilization Affects Motor Performance, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.40, issue.2, pp.165-176, 2008.
DOI : 10.3200/JMBR.40.2.165-176
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542985

J. Napier, The prehensile movements of the human hand, J Bone Joint Surg Br, vol.38, pp.902-913, 1956.

R. Oldfield, The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory, Neuropsychologia, vol.9, issue.1, pp.97-619, 1971.
DOI : 10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4

C. Papaxanthis, T. Pozzo, X. Skoura, and M. Schieppati, Does order and timing in performance of imagined and actual movements affect the motor imagery process? The duration of walking and writing task, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.134, issue.1-2, pp.209-215, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00030-X

Y. Paulignan, M. Jeannerod, C. Mackenzie, and R. Marteniuk, Selective perturbation of visual input during 624 prehension movements. 2. The effects of changing object size, Exp Brain Res, vol.87, pp.407-420, 1991.

J. Piaget, The construction of reality in the child, 1954.
DOI : 10.1037/11168-000

J. Piaget, The origins of intelligence in children, 1952.
DOI : 10.1037/11494-000

R. Porter and . Lemon, R Corticospinal Function and Vol-untary Movement, 1993.

M. Santello, M. Flanders, and J. F. Soechting, Postural hand synergies for tool use, J Neurosci, vol.18, pp.10105-629, 1998.

M. Santello, M. Flanders, F. John, and . Soechting, Patterns of hand motion during grasping and the influence of 631 sensory guidance, J Neurosci, vol.22, pp.1426-1435, 2002.

L. F. Schettino, V. Sergei, H. Adamovich, and . Poizner, Effects of object shape and visual feedback on hand configuration during grasping, Experimental Brain Research, vol.151, issue.2, pp.158-166, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-003-1435-3

M. H. Schieber, Individuated finger movements of rhesus monkeys: a means of quantifying the independence of the 635 digits, J Neurophysiol, vol.65, pp.1381-1391, 1991.

T. G. Seidler, Feedforward and feedback processes in motor control, NeuroImage, vol.22, issue.4, pp.201-637, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.05.003

J. B. Smeets and E. Brenner, A New View on Grasping, Motor Control, vol.3, issue.3, pp.237-271, 1999.
DOI : 10.1123/mcj.3.3.237

M. M. Smyth, A. Kirsty, J. Peacock, and . Katamba, The role of sight of the hand in the development of prehension in childhood, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, vol.57, issue.2, pp.269-296, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/02724980343000215

J. F. Soechting and M. Flanders, Flexibility and repeatability of finger movements during typing: analysis of multiple 642 degrees of freedom, Journal of Computational Neuroscience, vol.4, issue.1, pp.29-46, 1997.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008812426305

H. Tanaka, W. John, N. Krakauer, and . Qian, An Optimization Principle for Determining Movement Duration, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.95, issue.6, pp.3875-3886, 2006.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00751.2005
URL : http://brahms.cpmc.columbia.edu/publications/min-time.pdf

. Thakur, H. Pramodsingh, A. J. Bastian, S. Steven, and . Hsiao, Multidigit Movement Synergies of the Human Hand in an Unconstrained Haptic Exploration Task, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.28, issue.6, pp.1271-1281, 2008.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4512-07.2008

E. Todorov, I. Michael, and . Jordan, Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination, Nature Neuroscience, vol.5, issue.11
DOI : 10.1038/nn963

S. A. Wallace and D. L. Weeks, Temporal Constraints in the Control of Prehensile Movement, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.18, issue.2, pp.650-81, 1988.
DOI : 10.1080/00222895.1988.10735435

E. J. Weiss and M. Flanders, Muscular and Postural Synergies of the Human Hand, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.92, issue.1, pp.652-523, 2004.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.01265.2003

A. M. Wing, A. Turton, and C. Fraser, Grasp Size and Accuracy of Approach in Reaching, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.35, issue.3, pp.245-654, 1986.
DOI : 10.1080/00222895.1986.10735380

A. M. Wing and C. Fraser, The contribution of the thumb to reaching movements, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, vol.38, issue.2, pp.656-297, 1983.
DOI : 10.1080/14640748308402135

D. M. Wolpert and M. Kawato, Multiple paired forward and inverse models for motor control, Neural Networks, vol.11, issue.7-8, pp.658-1317, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0893-6080(98)00066-5
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.36.4705

V. M. Zatsiorsky, Z. M. Li, and M. L. Latash, Enslaving effects in multi-finger force production, Experimental Brain Research, vol.131, issue.2, pp.660-187, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s002219900261