Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas and Its Interaction with Emerging Immunotherapy Modalities

Christian A Linares (1) , Anjana Varghese (2) , Aruni Ghose (3, 4, 5, 6) , Sayali D Shinde (7, 8) , Sola Adeleke (1, 9) , Elisabet Sanchez (3) , Matin Sheriff (3) , Cyrus Chargari (10) , Elie Rassy (11, 12, 13) , Stergios Boussios (3, 14, 9, 15)

1 Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
2 Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust
3 Medway NHS Foundation Trust
4 Barts Health NHS Trust [London, UK]
5 MV2C - Mount Vernon Cancer Centre [Northwood, UK]
6 IOCN - Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network [London, UK]
7 Barts Cancer Institute [London, UK]
8 QMUL - Queen Mary University of London
9 King‘s College London
10 CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
11 IGR - Institut Gustave Roussy
12 CESP - Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations
13 U1018 (Équipe 2) - Oncostat
14 AELIA Organization, [Thessalonique, Grèce]
15 University of Kent [Canterbury]

Gliomas are aggressive, primary central nervous system tumours arising from glial cells. Glioblastomas are the most malignant. They are known for their poor prognosis or median overall survival. The current standard of care is overwhelmed by the heterogeneous, immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment promoting immune evasion and tumour proliferation. The advent of immunotherapy with its various modalities—immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and chimeric antigen receptor T cells and NK cells—has shown promise. Clinical trials incorporating combination immunotherapies have overcome the microenvironment resistance and yielded promising survival and prognostic benefits. Rolling these new therapies out in the real-world scenario in a low-cost, high-throughput manner is the unmet need of the hour. These will have practice-changing implications to the glioma treatment landscape. Here, we review the immunobiological hallmarks of the TME of gliomas, how the TME evades immunotherapies and the work that is being conducted to overcome this interplay.

Mots clés: gliomas; tumour microenvironment; immunotherapy; immune checkpoint inhibitors; therapeutic cancer vaccines; oncolytic virotherapy; chimeric antigen receptors

Domaines: Cancer; Méthodes et statistiques; Statistiques [stat]; Autres [stat.ML]; Méthodologie [stat.ME]

Christian A Linares, Anjana Varghese, Aruni Ghose, Sayali D Shinde, Sola Adeleke, et al.. Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas and Its Interaction with Emerging Immunotherapy Modalities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24 (17), pp.13215. ⟨10.3390/ijms241713215⟩. ⟨inserm-04563908⟩